Fatwas Regarding Women
In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
Questions Related to Hijab, Dress and Adornment
Ruling Concerning a Woman Uncovering Her
Face in Front of Her Husband's Relatives and a Boy Sleeping with His Mother
or Sister
Question: Is it legally permissible for a woman to uncover in
front of her husband's brothers and cousins? Is it allowed for a boy to
sleep in the same bed with his mother or sister after he has reached the
age of puberty?
Response: First, the brothers and cousins of the husband are
not mahram for his wife simply because they are his brothers or
cousins. Therefore, it is not allowed for his wife to uncover in front
of them what she cannot uncover in front of non-mahram men. This
is true even if they are very pious and trustworthy. Allah has delineated
whom a woman may expose her beauty to in the verse,
"[Tell the believing women] not to reveal their adornments except
to their husbands, their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons,
their husband's sons, their brothers or their brother's sons, or their
sister's sons, or their (Muslim) women or the (female) slaves, or old male
servants who lack vigor, or small children who have no sense of the shame
of sex" (al-Nur 31).
Therefore, neither the brothers of the husband nor the children of the
brothers of the husband nor the husband's cousins are from that group,
even though they are related to him. Allah makes no distinction in this
matter between pious people and others. This is safer for the honor of
people. It also blocks the road to sin and evil. It is confirmed in authentic
Hadith that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked about the male in-laws1
and he said,
"The in-laws are death."2
The in-laws are the brother of the husband and so forth. They are not
mahram for the wife. A Muslim must protect his religion and safeguard
his honor.
Second, it is not allowed for male children, if they have reached the age of puberty or are ten years old or more, to sleep with their mothers or sisters in the same bedding or mattress. This safeguards chastity and keeps the person away from temptation. It also closes the door to evil. The Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered that the children be separated in their bedding when they reach the age of ten. He said,
"Order your children to pray when they are seven years old. And
spank them [to exhort them] to do it by the age of ten and separate them
in their bedding."3
Those who are not approaching the age of puberty still must ask permission
to enter upon their parents at three times during the day. These are the
times in which one is more likely to be taking off his clothing and exposing
the parts that are usually covered. This has been stressed by them being
called times of privacy. Allah says in the Quran,
"O you who believe! Let your slaves and those among you who have
not come to the age of puberty ask permission [before they come to your
presence] on three occasions: before morning prayer, and while you put
off your clothes for the noonday [rest] and after the Isha [Night] Prayer.
[These] three times are times of privacy for you. Other than those times
there is no sin for you or for them to move about, attending to each other.
Thus Allah makes clear His signs to you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise"
(al-Nur 58).
However, those who are past the age of puberty must seek permission
to enter at all times of the day. Allah says,
"And when the children among you reach the age of puberty, then
let them (also) ask for permission, as those senior to them (in age ask
permission). Thus Allah makes clear His signs for you. And Allah is Al-Knowing
A-Wise" (al-Nur 59).
All of this is to avoid any kinds of problems and temptations and to safeguard honors. It also brings an end to the means that lead to evil.
As for the child who is less than ten years old, it is permissible for him to sleep with his mother and sister in their bedding if there is some need to look after him and if there is no fear of temptation. They may also all sleep in the same area, in their own bedding, if they are of the age of puberty if there is no fear of temptation.
The Standing Committee
Footnote
1. Other than the husband's father or sons.--JZ
2. Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim. It implies that such close relations
can easily lead to adultery which has the death penalty.--JZ
3. Recorded by Abu Dawud and Ahmad. Al-Albani has graded it hasan. Al-Albani,
Sahih al-Jami, vol. 2, p. 1021.
It is Not Allowed for a Woman to Shake the Hand of a Non-Mahram Man
Question: Some tribes have customs that go against the pure Shariah.
For example, in some places it is customary for the guest to shake the
hands of the female host. If he does not do so, it will lead to lots of
problems and people will understand it in different ways. What is the best
practice to follow given those circumstances?
Response: Shaking the hands of a woman for whom one is not mahram
is not allowed. This is based on what is confirmed from the Prophet (peace
be upon him) Who said, when the women were giving the pledge of allegiance
to him,
"I do not shake the hands of women."1
It is also confirmed that Aisha said, "By Allah, the hand of the
Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) never touched another woman [other
than his wives]. He used to take their pledges verbally only."2
Allah has said,
"Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example to follow
for him who hopes in [the meeting with] Allah and the Last Day and remembers
Allah much" (al-Ahzab 21).
Furthermore, shaking hands by women with men that are not mahram is one of the means that leads to temptation for both of them and it is obligatory to avoid it.
There is no harm in saying greetings without shaking hands. Any speech
of a questionable nature or soft speech must be avoided. This is based
on Allah's statement,
"O wives of the Prophet! You are not like any other women. If you
keep your duty [to Allah, then be not soft in speech, lest he in whose
heart is a disease should be moved with desire, but speak in an honorable
manner" (al-Ahzab 32).
During the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him) the women would greet
him and ask him questions that were concerning them. This is also how the
women used to ask the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) questions
concerning matters of concern to them.
There is no harm in women shaking hands with mahram men, such as their fathers, paternal uncles, Maternal Uncles and so forth.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Footnote
1. Recorded by Malik, Ahmad, al-Nasal, al-Tirmidhi and ibn Majah. Al-Albani
has graded it sahih. Al-Albani, Sahih al-Jami, vol. 1, p.
494.
2. Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.--JZ
Ruling Concerning Ridiculing a Woman
who Wears the Proper Hijab and Covers Her Face
Question: What is the ruling concerning one who ridicules those who wear the proper hijab and cover their faces and hands?
Response: Whoever ridicules a Muslim woman or man for sticking
to and applying the teachings of Islam is a disbeliever. This is regardless
of whether it is concerning woman's hijab or any other matter of the Shariah.
This is based on the following narration from ibn Umar: At a gathering
during the Battle of Tabuk, one man said, "I have not seen anyone
like our Quranic readers who is more desirous of food, more lying in speech
and more cowardly when meeting the enemy." A man said, "You have
lied and you are a liar. I shall definitely tell the Messenger of Allah
(peace be upon him) about that." That news was conveyed to the Messenger
of Allah and the Quran was revealed. Abdullah ibn Umar added, "I saw
the man holding on to the bag of the camel of the Messenger of Allah and
the dust was striking him while he was saying, 'O Messenger of Allah, we
were just joking and playing. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
was simply saying the verse of the Quran],
"Was it Allah, and His Signs and His Messenger you were mocking?
Make no excuse, you have disbelieved after you had believed. If We pardon
some of you, We will punish others among you because they were sinners"
(al-Tauba 65-66).1
So ridiculing believers has been equated with ridiculing Allah, His Signs and His Messenger.
The Standing Committee
Footnote
1. This narration may be found in al-Tabari and numerous other books
of tafseer. There are some problems with every chain by which this and
similar reports have been narrated. Muhammad Ibrahim and Abdul Munim Ibrahim
did not make any clear conclusion regarding this report. However, based
on supporting evidence, Alawi al-Saqaaf and Muqbil alWadi concluded that
it Is authentic. Allah knows best. See Abdul Munim Ibrahim and Muhammad
Ibrahim, Fath Dhi al-Jalaal fi Takhreej Ahadeeth al-Dhilaal (Makkah:
Maktaba Nazaar Mustafa al-Baz, 1995), vol. 2, pp. 817-818; Alawi al-Saqaaf,
Takhreej Ahadeeth wa Athaar Kitaab fi Dhilaal al-Quraan li-Sayyid Qutb
(Riyadh: Dar al-Hijra, 1991), p. 177; Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadii, al-Sahih
al-Musnad min Asbaab al-Nuzool (al-Maktab al-Salafi, 1401 A.H.), p.
71.--JZ
Question: What is the ruling concerning the young girls who have
not reached the age of puberty? Is it allowed for them to go out without
covering themselves? Can they pray without wearing a head covering?
Response: It is a must that their guardians bring them up and
teach them the manners of Islam. They should tell them not to go outside
unless their bodies are covered. This is in order to avoid any temptation
and to get them used to the virtuous manners so that they will not be a
source of spreading evil. They should be ordered to pray with head coverings.
If they pray without it, their prayers are sound. This is because the Prophet
(peace be upon him) said,
"Allah does not accept the prayer of a female who has reached the
age of puberty except if she is wearing a head covering (khimaar)."
This was recorded by al-Tirmidhi, Ahmad, Abu Dawud and ibn Majah.1
The Standing Committee
Footnote
1. According to al-Albani, this hadith is sahih. Al-Albani, Sahih
al-Jami, vol. 2, p. 1280.--JZ
Question: Is it allowed for a woman advanced in age, say 70 or
90 years old, to uncover her face in front of relatives who are not mahram?
Response: Allah says,
"And as for women past child-bearing who do not expect marriage,
it is no sin upon them if they discard their (outer) clothing in such a
way as not to show their adornment. But to refrain is better for them.
And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower" (al-Nur 60).
So there is no harm if the menopausal women who are not seeking marriage
and are not displaying their adornments uncover their faces in front of
non-related men. However, for them to remain covered is still better for
Allah has said in the verse,
"But to refrain is better for them."
This is because some of them, when they are seen, may be a source of temptation due to their beautiful faces even though they are elderly and not displaying their adornments. However, if she is going to be having adornments [such as make-up and jewelry], she may not take off her outer covering. Having adornments includes beautifying the face with kohl and so forth.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Question: Is it necessary for a female servant who works in the
house to wear hijab in front of her employer?
Response: Yes, she must wear hijab in front of him and she may not display her adornments in front of him. Also, it is forbidden for them to be in private due to the generality of the evidences. This is because if she does not wear hijab or she displays her adornments, she will be a source of temptation for him. Similarly, being in private is an opportunity for Satan to make them alluring and tempting.
Shaikh ibn Baz
A Muslim Woman Does Not Wear Hijab in
Front of Non-Muslim Women
Question: We have non-Muslim female servants in our house. Is
it obligatory upon us to wear hijab in front of them? Is it allowed for
me to give them my clothes to wash and then I pray in them? Is it allowed
for me to explain the falsehood of their religion to them and to explain
the distinguishing features of our pure religion?
Response: First, it is not obligatory to wear hijab in front
of them. They are like any other women according to the strongest of the
two opinions among the scholars. There is no harm in them washing your
clothing or utensils. However, it is obligatory to put an end to their
contract because they have not embraced Islam. This is because in the Arabian
Peninsula it is not allowed to have anyone except Muslims. Only Muslims
may be hired in this Peninsula, regardless if it be workers, servants or
whatever, regardless if they be men or women. This is because the Prophet
(peace be upon him) ordered that the polytheists be expelled from this
Peninsula and that there not be left two religions herein. This is because
it was the cradle of Islam and the place of the rise of the Message. It
is not allowed except for the religion of truth, the religion of Islam,
to be left in this Peninsula. May Allah grant Muslims the following of
truth and steadfastness in it. May Allah also guide the others to enter
into Islam and leave what goes against it.
Second, it is sanctioned for you to call them to Islam and to explain
to them its excellence. You may also show them what is wrong with their
religion and how it opposes the truth. Also explain to them that the Law
of Islam abrogates all previous laws. Tell them that Islam is the religion
of truth that Allah sent all of His messengers with and by which were revealed
the Books. Allah has said,
''Truly, the Religion in the sight of Allah is Islam" (al-lmran
19).
Allah also says,
"And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be
accepted of him and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers"
(ali-Imran 85).
However, you have no right to speak about that except on the basis of
knowledge and understanding. Speaking about Allah's religion without knowledge
is a great evil. Allah has stated,
"Say: The things that my Lord has forbidden are illicit acts, whether
committed openly or secretly, sins [of all kinds], un-righteous oppression,
joining partners [in worship] with Allah for which He has given no authority,
and saying things about Allah of which you have no knowledge" (al-Araf
33).
Allah has put the gravity of speaking about Him without knowledge above
all of the acts mentioned in the verse. This indicates how greatly forbidden
it is and what a great sin it is. Allah also says,
"Say: This is my way, I invite unto Allah with sure knowledge,
I and whosoever follows me [must also invite with sure knowledge]. Glorified
be Allah. And I am not one of the idolaters" (Yusuf 108).
In Surah al-Baqara, Allah states that speaking about Allah without knowledge
is one of the actions that is ordered by Satan:
"O mankind! Eat of that which is lawful and good on the Earth, and follow not the footsteps of Satan. Verily, he is to you an open enemy. (Satan) commands you only what is evil and sinful, and that you should say against Allah what you know not"
(al-Baqara 168-169).
I ask Allah for me and you support, guidance and goodness.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Ruling Concerning Wearing Hijab in the
Presence of the Son-in-Law
Question: Some women wear hijab in front of their son-in-laws and they refuse to greet them by shaking their hands. Is this allowed for them or not?
Response: The son-in-law is a mahram for the woman due to marriage. It is allowed for him to see of her what he can see of his mother, sister, daughter and other mahram women. Covering her face, hair, forearms and so forth from her son-in-law is a type of extremism in the religion. Refusing to shake his hand when meeting him is also a kind of extremism. That may lead to hard feelings and cutting off of relations between them. Therefore, she should not be extreme in this matter, unless she has some suspicion about him or she does not like the way he looks at her. In that case, what she is doing is acceptable.
The Standing Committee
Ruling Concerning a Woman Riding with a non-Mahram Chauffeur
Question: What is the ruling concerning a woman riding into town alone with a chauffeur who is not mahram to her? What is the ruling concerning a group of women riding in a car with a driver who is not mahram for them?
Response: It is not allowed for a woman to ride alone with a
driver and nobody else present, as this is considered the same as being
in privacy. It is confirmed that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon
him) said,
"A man cannot be alone with a woman unless with her is one of her
male relatives (mahram)."1
The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said,
"A man is never alone with a woman except that Satan is the third."2
However, if another man or more is with them or one or more other women
is with them, then there is no harm in that as long as there is no mom
for any suspicious activity. It is no longer considered privacy when there
is a third or more present. This is for cases other than traveling. As
for traveling, a woman may not travel except with a mahram. The
Prophet (peace be upon him) has said,
"A woman does not travel except with a mahram."
This was recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim. It makes no difference whether that traveling is by land, air or sea.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Footnote
1. Recorded by Muslim.--JZ
2. Recorded by Ahmad and al-Tirmidhi. Al-Albani says it is sahih. Al-
Albani, Sahih al-Jami, vol. 1, p. 234.-JZ
Question: Can a woman be considered a mahram for a woman she is not related to for purposes of traveling or sitting with others?
Response: A woman cannot be a mahram for another. The
one who is considered mahram is a man that a woman cannot marry
due to blood relations, such as her father and her brother, or a man related
to her due to marriage, such as her husband, her father-in-law and her
step-son, or a man related due to breast feeding, such as her father from
breast feeding and so forth.
It is not allowed for a man to be in private with a woman he is not
related to nor can he travel with her. The Prophet (peace be upon him)
said,
"A woman does not travel except with a mahram."
This was recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim. The Prophet (peace be upon him)
also said,
"A man is never alone with a woman except that Satan is the third."
This was recorded by Imam Ahmad and others from the hadith of Umar with a sahih chain.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Question: What is the ruling concerning wearing anklets in front of one's husband only?
Response: There is no harm in wearing such in front of one's husband, women and mahram men. That is because it is a type of jewelry that a woman wears on her legs.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Question: I hope you will help me concerning cutting my hair
from the front of it in a certain style wherein the hair sometimes falls
down over the eyebrows of a Muslim woman. Is this allowed or not? May Allah
reward you.
Response: I do not know of anything [wrong] in cutting a woman's hair. It is not allowed to shave all of it off. You cannot shave off the hair of your head but you may shorten its length. I do not know of anything wrong with that. However, that should be done in a good way that is pleasing to you and your husband. You should agree upon how it is going to be done. Also, it should not be in imitation of the disbelieving women. If you leave it long, it makes it more difficult to wash it and tend to it. If it is long or thick and a women cuts it short or layers it, there is nothing wrong with that. Or she may cut part of it short to make herself more beautiful to herself and her husband. I do not know of anything wrong with that. However, one may not shave all of it off. This is not allowed except in the case of some disease or problem.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Question: What is the ruling concerning a woman wearing a wig in order to beautify herself for her husband?
Response: Each spouse must beautify himself or herself for the other, in a way that is pleasing to the other and strengthens the feelings between the two. However, this must be done in a way that is within the limits of the Shariah and is not forbidden. The
wearing of a wig is something that began among non-Muslim women and
became a popular way for them to beautify themselves. If a Muslim woman
wears one and beautifies herself with it, even if just for her husband,
she is imitating the disbelieving women and the Prophet has forbidden that.
He said,
"Whoever imitates a people is one of them."1
Furthermore, it takes on the same ruling as "artificially adding hair o one's hair". The Prophet (peace be upon him) has forbidden that act and cursed the one who did such.2
The Standing Committee
Footnote
Ruling Concerning Shortening Eyebrows,
Letting Fingernails Grow Long and Using Nail Polish
Question: (1) What is the ruling concerning shortening extra
eyebrow hairs?
(2) What is the ruling concerning letting fingernails grow long and
putting on finger nail polish, given that I make ablution before putting
them on and it stays for twenty-four hours and then remove it?
(3) Is it allowed for a woman to wear hijab without covering her face
when she travels abroad?
Response: (1) It is not allowed to remove or shorten eyebrow
hairs. It is confirmed that the Prophet (peace be upon him) cursed the
one who has them removed and the one who removed them. The scholars have
stated that the hadith is in reference to those who remove eyebrow hairs.
(2) Letting the fingernails grow is something that goes against the
sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him). He said,
"From the acts of nature are five: circumcision, removing pubic
hairs, trimming the mustache, cutting the nails and plucking the hair from
under the armpits."1
It is not allowed to leave them for more than forty nights. This is based on the Hadith of Anas who said, "The Messenger of Allah set a time limit for us for trimming the mustache, trimming nails, removing armpit hairs and removing pubic hairs. They cannot be left for more than forty nights."2 Letting them grow long resembles animals and some of the disbelievers.
As for nail polish, it is better to avoid it. One must remove it when
making ablution since it prevents water from reaching the nails.
(3) It is obligatory for women to wear hijab in front of non mahram men both inside and outside of the country. Allah has said,
"And when you ask them, ask them from behind a screen, that is
proper for your hearts and for their hearts" (al-Ahzab 53).
This verse refers to the face and the rest of the body. In fact, the
face is the distinguishing part of the woman and it is her most alluring
aspect. Allah also says,
"O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of
the believers to draw their cloaks (veils) all over their bodies. That
will be better, that they should be known (as free respectable women) so
as not to be annoyed. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful"
(al-Ahzab 59).
Another verse states,
"[Tell the believing women] not to reveal their adornments except
to their husbands, their fathers, their husband's fathers," (al-Nur
31).
This verse indicates that hijab is obligatory upon a woman both inside and outside of the country, in front of the Muslims and the non-Muslims. It is not allowed for any woman who believes in Allah and the Hereafter to be lax in this matter as such is an act of disobedience to Allah and His Messengers. Furthermore, it leads temptation regardless if it be in or outside the country.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Footnote
1. Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.--JZ
2. Recorded by Muslim--JZ
Question: What is the ruling concerning circular shaped gold jewelry?1
Response: It is permissible for women to wear either circular
shaped or non-circular shaped gold jewelry. This is based on the general
meaning of the verse,
"[Do they then like for Allah] a creature who is brought up in adornments [wearing silk and gold ornaments, i.e., women] and in dispute cannot make herself clear?"
(al-Zukhruf 18).
Allah has mentioned that wearing jewelry is a characteristic of women.
This is general and covers gold as well as other jewelry. Furthermore,
Ahmad, Abu Dawud and al-Nasai record with a good chain from the Leader
of the Faithful Ali ibn Abu Talib that the Prophet (peace be upon him)
took silk in his right hand and gold in his left and then said,
"These two are forbidden for the males of my Nation."
In the narration by ibn Majah, it ends,
"And permissible for its women."
Also, Ahmad, al-Nasai, al-Tirmidhi-- who said it is sahih-- Abu
Dawud, al-Hakim-- who also called it sahih-- al-Tabarani and ibn
Hazm- who again said it is sahih-- all record from Abu Musa al-Ashari
that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,
"Gold and silk have been made permissible for the females of my Nation and forbidden for its males."
Shaikh ibn Baz
Footnote
1. This question may sound strange at first glance. However, the obvious
reason behind it is that some scholars are of the opinion that such jewelry
is not allowed for women although women may wear gold jewelry of other
shapes.-JZ
Question: What is the Islamic ruling concerning wearing high-heeled shoes?
Response: The least that can be said is that it is disliked. First, it is a kind of deception because it makes the woman look taller than she is. Second, it is dangerous for the woman because it is easy to fall in them. Third, it has negative health consequences as the doctors have concluded.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Ruling Concerning Women Using Incens1 when They are Going to the Mosque
Question: During Ramadhan, some women use incense in the mosque.
We advised them to stop but to no avail. We want from you, dear Shaikh,
to make this issue clear to them and to us.
Response: It is not allowed for women to use incense when they
go out to the mosque or inside the mosque. This is because they become
a temptation, then, when they return to their homes. It has been authentically
reported from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he prohibited women
from using any kind of perfume when leaving their house to go to the mosque.
He said,
"Any woman who has incense over her should not attend the Isha
Prayer with us."2
The same applies to them using such fragrances in the mosque because then they go outside to the market while being scented. The same is the ruling for their using it when they go some place other than the mosque.
Shaikh ibn Baz
Footnote
1. In many parts of the Middle East, the burning incense is passed around
among the people and its scent gets clearly and noticeably attached to
the clothing, skin, beard and so forth. This is the kind of incense use
that is being described here. If the incense is used in a room and there
is no lingering smell upon the clothing or person of a woman, then there
is no harm in her using it.--JZ
2. Recorded by Muslim.--JZ
Question: My dear friend is a very good person, applying her
religion and loving to do what is good. However, she has one thing about
her: She always loves to be distinguished from her friends. For example,
in her dress, she likes to be different from the others, while being properly
covered, of course. She does not want anyone to be like her. It is so bad
that if she finds out that one of her friends has bought the same outfit
she has, she will never wear it again. The same is true for how she dresses
her children and with respect to their furniture. She cannot stand to see
anyone else having the same thing she has. However, at the same time, she
is not envious against anyone nor does she wish that others would not have
such bounties, even if it is more beautiful than what she possesses. The
only thing she cares about is to be different from the others. Is this
envy or arrogance, as we dislike this characteristic of her very much?
Response: I do not know what is in the heart of that lady that makes her behave in that way. If it is envy, it is forbidden. But envy implies wishing that others would lose the bounty they possess and even working to destroy it. She does not do that. If it is arrogance and having an aversion for others sharing with her, then it is also forbidden. But the arrogance that is blameworthy is to reject the truth and look down upon people, that is, be little them. It does not include liking good clothes for oneself. Verily, Allah is beautiful and He loves beauty. Perhaps she simply likes to be different from others and have notoriety in her appearance. So one must look to see what is the cause for that. This might just be part of her character that sets in the hearts of some people without there being a forbidden cause behind it. Allah knows best.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Question: Is it allowed for a woman to uncover her face in the
presence of a blind man? If she cannot uncover her face, what is the legal
reason preventing her to do so?
Response: The correct opinion is that there is no harm in a woman
uncovering her face in the presence of a blind man. A woman is ordered
to cover herself in front of those who can see her in order for no temptation
to arise. A blind man cannot see what is in front of him and he cannot
look at what will excite him in a woman, nor is he conscious of it. There
is the hadith that is recorded by al-Tirmidhi, who called it sahih,
concerning the story of ibn Umm Maktum, where the Prophet (peace be upon
him) [told Umm Salama and Maimuna] to wear hijab in front of him. [When
they asked about it] he said,
"Are you two blind? Do you not see him?"
However, this hadith is considered weak by some scholars. Even assuming it is authentic, it is concerned with the woman looking at the man. Women are also ordered to lower their gaze and it is not allowed for a woman to look at a man if her desires may be stirred, regardless of whether he be blind or seeing. In fact, she should not, in that case, even look at pictures in the newspapers or in the movies if such may occur.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
A Muslim Woman May Uncover Her Hair in Front of Non-Muslim Women
Question: Is it allowed for a Muslim woman to uncover her hair
in front of non-Muslim women, especially if she describes the Muslim women
to her male non-Muslim relatives?
Response: This question revolves around a difference of opinion
concerning the interpretation of the verse:
"Tell the believing women to lower their gaze and protect their
private parts and not to show off their adornments except that which is
apparent and to draw their veils over necks and bosoms and not to reveal
their adornments except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband's
fathers, their sons, their husband's sons, their brothers or their brother's
sons, or their sister's sons, or their women or the (female) slaves, or
old male servants who lack vigor, or small children who have no sense of
the shame of sex" (al-Nur 31).
There is a difference of opinion concerning the referent of the pronoun in the phrase, "their women." Some say that it refers to the class of women as a whole. Some say that it refers to the described women only, that is, the believing women. According to the first opinion, a woman may uncover her face and hands in front f a non-Muslim woman. According to the second opinion, a Muslim woman may not do so. I am more inclined to the first pinion and believe it is more likely to be correct. That is because then a woman is in the presence of a another woman, it makes no difference if that woman is a Muslim or not, as long as there is no kind of temptation involved. However, if one fears something of that nature, such as the woman describing the Muslim women to her male relatives, then one must avoid such a cause and then the woman should not uncover her face or any part of her body in front of such a woman. This is true regardless of whether that troublesome woman is a Muslim or a non-Muslim.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Question: What is the ruling concerning women wearing clothing that has written on it verses of the Quran or statements like, 'There is no God except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah"? What is the Islamic ruling concerning wearing a burqa'?
Response: There is nothing wrong with wearing such clothing.
However, one must make sure that there is no sense of disrespect or disdain
shown to what is written. For example, she should not sleep in it or sit
upon the part in which any of the names of Allah is written. She also should
not wear it into the bathroom. If she is in need of that clothing for such
purposes, she should first wipe away the respected names on it and then
she may use it.
A burqa' is a type of face veil that opens for the eyes to look
out from. This is allowed and there is nothing wrong with it except when
one is in the state of ihram [for the Hajj or Umra]. The Prophet (peace
be upon him) said,
"Women are not to wear the face veil (niqaab)."1
This refers to the one performing the pilgrimage. She is not to wear a face veil (niqaab) which is the same as a burqa'. This indicates that such is permissible for the woman who is not making the Hajj. However, it is not allowed to widen the open space for the eyes, such that the nose and eyebrows become visible, for example. In this way, she becomes a temptation for those who see her. In addition, one must wear above the burqa', a light head covering that does not prevent one from seeing and which will cover the rest of the face that is left uncovered by the face veil.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Footnote
1. Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.--JZ
Question: Some of the older women believe that it is allowed for young men to sit with the wives of their maternal uncles and treat them like their own aunts. They say, "You accept our uncles but do not accept your aunts!" I have tried to convince them that they are wrong and that the verse is clear about who and who is not mahram. I could not convince them. Could you say something to them?
Response: There is no doubt that the wife of the maternal uncle
is not mahram for the nephew. It is permissible for the nephew to
marry her if they should be separated. Therefore, it is not allowed for
her to appear in front of him with her face uncovered. It is also not allowed
for the two of them to be in private or for him to look at what she must
cover, such as her face and her beauty. He is not mentioned among the mahram
in the verse of the Quran,
"[Tell the believing women] not to reveal their adornments except
to their husbands, their fathers, their husband's fathers," (al-Nur
31).
She is not mentioned along with those that he cannot marry in this verse,
"Forbidden to you (for marriage) are: your mothers..." (al-Nisa
23).
Therefore, the belief that they are mahram has no basis to it and me must avoid it.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Ruling Concerning Wearing Light Colored
Clothing, such as White or Yellow and Ruling Concerning Wearing Short Dresses
Question: What is the ruling concerning wearing light colored
clothing, such as yellow, white or red, but which covers the body? What
is the ruling concerning wearing short clothing that expose the legs?
Response: It is allowed for a woman to wear whatever clothing
is normal for the women to wear, as long as it is not something to be specifically
recognized as that for men. In that case, a woman should not wear it as
the Prophet (peace be upon him) cursed the women who imitate men and vice-versa.
A woman must wear clothing that covers her entire body if she is in the presence of men she is not related to. She may not uncover anything of her body to them, not her face, hands or feet except in cases of need, such as handing or taking something and so forth. She also cannot wear tight clothing that shows her body shape or the size of parts of her body, such as her breasts, shoulders, chest, buttocks and so forth. One must also bring up
one's children accustomed to wearing long, flowing garments. If a child grows up accustomed to something, it is very difficult to get them away from it when they get older. If the dress is short, it may show the attractiveness of her body and shows to men what will be temptation or cause of temptation for them. There is no harm if a woman, in her house and in the presence of her relatives, wears a short dress due to some need, even if it shows her shins or upper arm, as women usually wear when they have to work.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Question: I am a young girl in a very perplexing situation. I
live with my family that has some very strange, distorted ideas. I used
to wear hijab. I found great opposition and ridicule from my family. It
reached the point that they physically beat me and prevented me from leaving
my house. They forced me to take off the hijab and simply wear a long cloak
but with my face uncovered. What should I do? Should I leave the house
although untrustworthy people are many?
Response: This question involves two basic issues.
The family that did such an evil to this young lady have to be one of two cases: either they are ignorant of the truth or they are arrogantly refusing to follow the truth. This is very vicious and unruly behavior. They have no right to behave this way. Hijab is not something improper or ill-mannered. Humans are free within the limits of the Shariah.
If they did not know that hijab is obligatory upon the woman, they must be taught that. They must be taught that it is obligatory according to the Quran and sunnah. However, if they were knowledgeable but simply arrogantly refused to submit, then the crime is even greater. As a poet once said, "If you were unaware, it is a great misfortune. But if you were aware, then the misfortune is even greater."
The second issue is with respect to this young lady. We say to her that
it is obligatory upon her to obey and fear Allah as much as she is able
to. If she is able to wear hijab without her family noticing that, she
should do so. However, if they beat her or force her to take it off, there
is no sin upon her. Allah has said,
"Whoever disbelieved in Allah after his belief, except him who
is forced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith-but such as open
their breasts to disbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah and theirs will
be a great torment" (al-Nahl 106).
Another verse states,
"There is no sin for you if you make a mistake therein, except in regard to what your hearts deliberately intended. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful"
(al-Ahzab 5).
But fear and obey Allah to the best of your ability. If your family
does not understand the wisdom behind the obligation of hijab, say to them:
It is obligatory upon the believer to submit to any order from Allah and
His Messenger, regardless if they do or don't understand the wisdom behind
it. This is because the act of submission itself is an act of wisdom. Allah
says,
"It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger
have decreed a matter that they should have any option in their decision.
And whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed strayed in
a plain error" (al-Ahzab 36).
When Aisha was asked about the situation of the menstruating woman, why she makes up her fasts but not her prayers, she answered, "That happened to us during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and we were ordered to make up our fasts and we were not ordered to make up our prayers." Hence, she equated the order as being the wisdom in itself. Even given that, the wisdom behind the hijab is very clear as a woman displaying her beauty is a source of temptation. When temptation occurs, sin and lewdness occur. If sin and lewdness spread, that means that destruction and ruin are on the way.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Question: Is wearing socks or gloves on the hands in order to
cover them an innovation or is it permissible? Is it forbidden for a non-mahram
male to see a woman's hand if there is no adornment on it? Is it permissible
for one spouse to prevent the other from fulfilling his or her natural
right [to sexual intercourse] for a lengthy period of time without any
acceptable Shariah excuse?
Response: It is obligatory upon a woman to wear whatever covers
her body and private parts, especially if she is going out to the market
or some place similar. Therefore, she may wear socks over her feet and
gloves over her hands so that nothing that could be a temptation may be
seen of her. However, exposing the hand without a glove on it is permissible
if there is some need, as long as the hand is not adorned with dye, jewelry
or anything of that nature. This is the case since hands almost all look
alike among the people.
There is no doubt that there is a psychological need for sexual contact
between the two spouses. Usually, the wants of the two differ, based on
different levels of desire between the man and the woman. Usually the man's
desire is stronger. Therefore, he is usually the one desiring the act more.
In fact, many wives complain about their husbands and the extent to which
they desire sexual contact, to the point that it harms the woman.
As for avoiding such contact for a long time, this is not allowed. The woman has a right to have her needs fulfilled. The most that a woman can be asked to be patient for is four months. Therefore, the desires and needs of both should be met. The desires, abilities and shortcomings of both parties should be taken into consideration without either party being harmed.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Question: Some women, may Allah guide them, dress their young
daughters in short dresses that display the shins. When we advise those
women, they answer, "We used to wear those when we were young and
they did not cause us any harm when we got older." What is your opinion
of that?
Response: I am of the opinion that a person should not dress his daughter in such clothing while she is young. This is because if she grows accustomed to it, she will stick with it and she will consider it a light matter. However, if you trained her properly to be bashful when she was young, she would continue in that proper manner when she gets older. I advise my Muslim sisters to leave the dress of the foreigners who are the enemies of the religion and to bring up their children wearing clothes that cover their bodies and to teach them modesty, for modesty is part of faith.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Question: Is it allowed for me to uncover my hand only in front
of my brother-in-law? Is the ruling different if my husband is also present?
Response: The woman should cover all of herself in front of non-mahram men, even if it be a husband's brother, sister's husband, cousin or others, and regardless if it be in the presence of mahram men or not. That is to cover her beauty and the cause of temptation, be it her face, arms, shin, chest and so forth. As for the hand or foot, apparently, it is allowed to show them for some need, such as when giving something to someone or receiving something and so forth. However, if one fears some kind of temptation, then they must remain covered. For example, that would be the case if a woman notices a non-related man gazing at a woman and not moving his eyes from her. This also means that mixing or sitting with non-mahram men is also forbidden if one fears any harmful consequences. Allah knows best.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Question: What is the ruling concerning fashion magazines, like
Burda, in order to benefit from them concerning new women's fashions
and accessories. What is the ruling concerning keeping them after one has
already benefited from them while they are filled with pictures of women?
Response: There is no doubt that buying magazines that just contain
pictures is forbidden. This is because possessing pictures is forbidden,
based on the statement of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
"The angels do not enter a house which contains pictures."1
When the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw a picture on a cushion with Aisha, he stood and did not enter the room. His dislike could be seen on his face. Those fashion magazines must be looked into to see what they contain as not every fashion is permissible. The fashions might be such that they show the woman's body, due to their tightness or for other reasons. The fashions could be the dresses of the disbelievers that are particular to them. Imitating the disbelievers is forbidden, since the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,
"Whoever imitates a people is one of them."2
I advise my Muslim brothers in general and my Muslim sisters in particular to avoid those fashions as either they are imitation of non-Muslims or they display what the woman should be concealing. If women follow every new fashion, then it means, in general, that our customs that have come from our religion will be changed for customs that have been taken from non-Muslims.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Footnote
1. Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.--JZ
2. Recorded by Abu Dawud. Al-Albani has graded it sahih. Al-Albani,
Sahih al-Jami, vol. 2, p. 1058.--JZ
Question: What is the Islamic hijab?
Response: The Islamic hijab is for the women to cover everything that is forbidden for her to expose. That is, she covers everything that she must cover. The first of those bodily parts that she must cover is her face. It is the source of temptation and the source of people desiring her. Therefore, the woman must cover her face in front of those men that are not mahram. As for those of who claim that the Islamic hijab is to cover the head, shoulders, back, feet, shin and forearms while allowing her to uncover her face and hands, this is a very amazing claim. This is because it is well-known that the source of temptation and looking is the face. How can one say that the Shariah does not allow the exposure of the foot of the woman while it allows her to uncover her face? It is not possible that there could be in the Esteemed, Wise and Noble Shariah a contradiction. Yet everyone knows that the temptation from uncovering the face is much greater than the temptation that results from the uncovering of the feet. Everyone also knows that the most sought after aspect of the woman for men is the face. If you told a prospective groom that a woman's face is ugly but her feet are beautiful, he would not propose to such a woman. However, if you told him that her face was beautiful but her hands, palms, or shins were less than beautiful, he would still propose to her. From this one can conclude that the face is the first thing that must be covered. There are also evidences from the Book of Allah and the sunnah of our Prophet (peace be upon him). There are also statements from the Companions, the leading Imams and the great scholars of Islam that indicate that it is obligatory for the woman to cover all of her body in the presence of non-mahram men. This obviously indicates that it is obligatory upon the woman to cover her face in front of such men. However, this is not the place to quote all those authorities. And Allah knows best.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Question: What is the ruling concerning wearing ankle bracelets as a type of beautification?
Response: It is allowed to wear ankle bracelets for beautification.
However, one is not allowed to shake them in the presence of non-mahram
men in order to alert them to such jewelry. Allah has said,
"And let them [women] not stamp their feet so as to reveal what they hide of their adornment" (al-Nur 31).
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Question: I have a skin disease on my head. The doctor told me
to remove the head covering that I wear on my head and that is truly harming
me at the present time. Do I have the right to do that? What shall I do?
Response: Yes, you have the right to remove your head covering from your head if you are not in the presence of non-mahram men, such as when you are with your husband, mahram men or women only with no men present. However, when you go to the marketplace or in the presence of non-mahram men, it is obligatory upon you to cover your head and your face as well the rest of your body.1
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Footnote
1. May Allah reward Shaikh ibn Uthaimin for his efforts for the sake
of Allah. On this particular point, however, it seems that he has ignored
the law of necessity. If the action is truly harming the woman, then it
is difficult to side along with ibn Uthaimin's response to this question.
Perhaps, it would have been best to reply that this sister should look
for other ways by which she may cover herself and, at the same time, not
cause herself any physical harm. Allah knows best.--JZ
Question: I am married to a woman who wears, praise to Allah, hijab. However, as is the custom in my country, she does not wear hijab in front of her sister's husband and her sister does not wear hijab in my presence. This is the custom. Furthermore, my wife does
not wear hijab in the presence of my brother or her cousins.
Does this go against the Shariah and religion? What can I do while
it has become the custom in my country not to wear hijab in the presence
of those people that I mentioned. If I tell my wife to wear hijab in front
of those people, she will accuse me of not trusting her and being suspicious
about her and so forth.
Response: All of those groups of men that you mentioned in the
question are not mahram for her. It is not allowed for her to uncover
her face and beauty in front of them. Allah has only allowed her to uncover
in front of the mahram men mentioned in the verse in surah al-Nur,
"[Tell the believing women] not to reveal their adornments except
to their husbands, their fathers ," (al-Nur 31).
First, you should convince your wife that it is forbidden to uncover her face in front of non-mahram men. Make her abide by that even if it goes against the customs of your people and even if she makes accusations against you. You should also make this point clear to your close relatives that you mentioned, that is, the brethren of the husband, the husband of the sister, the cousins and so forth. All of them are non-mahram and they all may marry her if she gets divorced.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
May I Request My Husband to get Independent
Living Quarters?
Question: My husband's brother wanted to get married and live
with us in our house. I do not uncover my face in front of him nor do I
sit with him nor have I ever seen him. He then did get married. Due to
the difficult circumstances that this leads to, would my requesting from
my husband independent living quarters be considered a type of causing
separation between two brothers? Would that be forbidden or not? You should
also know that my husband also feels that such would be best but it is
my husband's mother, who lives with us, who wants them all to be together.
Response: In that situation, if the women are completely wearing
hijab and there is no cases of privacy [with the other's husband], then
staying together would be best in order to please the mother of the two
husbands. However, if that is not the case, then it would be best to live
separately. [Living separately would be better] if, for example, one of
the woman is lax and uncovers herself in front of her brother-in-law or
she stays alone with him in the house. [Similarly, separation would be
best] if one of the husbands is not to be trusted with respect to the wife
of his brother.
That is, he follows her and tries to get an opportunity to see her, enters upon her without asking permission first, tries to see what is under her clothing and so forth. In that case, it would be best to seek independent living quarters in order to escape from the tightness and possible problems.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Uncovering One's Face in Front of the
Husband's "Foster Father"
Question: What is the ruling concerning a woman uncovering her
face in front of her husband's "foster father" [that the husband
of the woman who breast fed her husband]?
Response: It is not allowed for a woman to uncover her face in
the presence of her husband's "foster father" according to the
strongest opinion and the chosen opinion of Shaikh al-Islam n Taimiya.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has said,
"Foster relationships forbid what blood relationships forbid."1
The father-in-law is not disallowed for marriage with his daughter-in-law
due to blood relationship but due to marriage relationship only. Allah
has said in the Quran,
"[Forbidden to you in marriage are...] the wives of your sons who
(spring) from your loins" (al-Nisa 23).
The "foster son" is not from the loins of the father. Therefore, if a woman is married to a man who has a "foster father," she must wear hijab in front of him and not uncover her face in front of him. If it were the case that she became separated from that man's foster son", it still would not be permissible for him to marry her as a precautionary measure, since that is the opinion of the majority of the scholars.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Footnote
1. Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim with a slightly different wording.--JZ
Question: What is the ruling concerning wearing nose rings for beautification?
Response: It is permissible for a woman to beautify herself according to what is customary, even if that means she has to pierce part of her body, such as is the case with earrings. Perhaps, nose rings are permissible since it is allowed to pierce a camel's nose and put a ridle through it and that is not considered mutilation.
Shaikh ibn Jibreen
Question: Is it allowed for a woman to use a wig to beautify
herself for her husband? Is this considered part of the prohibition of
adding hair to one's hair?
Response: Wigs are forbidden and are considered a type of adding hair to one's hair. Although it is not exactly that, it makes the woman's hair look longer than it is and becomes similar to adding hair. The Prophet (peace be upon him) cursed the one who does the adding of hair as well as the one who requested it. However, if the woman does not have any hair upon her head, for example, if she is bald, then she may use a wig to cover up that blemish as it is considered permissible to remove blemishes. For example, the Prophet (peace be upon him) allowed the man who had his nose cut off during a battle to wear a fake nose of gold. The matter is more flexible than that. It might also include the question of having plastic surgery to fix a small nose and so forth. However, beautification is not the same as removing a blemish. If the matter is that of removing a blemish, there is no harm in it, such as when the nose is crooked and needs to be straightened or the removal of a beauty mark. There is no harm in such acts. But it is not to remove a blemish, such as tattooing or removing eyebrow hairs, then it is forbidden. Using a wig, even with the permission and approval of the husband, is forbidden for there is permission or approval in matters that Allah has forbidden.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Question: Is it allowed for a woman to uncover her face in the presence of her maternal and paternal great uncles? That is, are they considered mahram to her?
Response: Yes, if the woman's mother or father has maternal or paternal uncles they are considered mahram for that woman. This is because the paternal uncle of your father is your uncle and the maternal uncle of your father is your uncle. Similarly, the paternal uncle of your mother and maternal uncle of your mother are related to you and are considered your paternal and maternal uncles.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Question: A law was passed by the rulers of a Muslim land forcing the young women and all women to remove their hijabs, in particular their face coverings. Is it permissible for me to execute that order? You should also realize that the one who refuses to obey that command will be punished by, for example, removal from work or school or imprisonment.
Response: This trial that has be fallen your land is from those
events by which the servants are tested and tried. Allah has said in the
Quran,
"Do people think that they will be left alone because they say, 'We believe,' and will not be tested. And We indeed tested those who were before them. And Allah will certainly make [it] known [the truth of] those who are true, and will certainly make [it] known [the falsehood of] those who are liars" (al-Ankabut 2-3).
In my opinion, it is obligatory upon the Muslim sisters of that land
to refuse to obey the rulers in that evil order. This is because there
is no obedience to evil, rejected orders. Allah says,
"O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those
of you who are in authority" (al-Nisa 59).
If one ponders over this verse, one notes that Allah has stated,
"Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those of you who are in
authority" (al-Nisa 59).
That is, the word "obey" is not repeated directly before "those of ,you who are in authority". This indicates that obedience to those in authority is conditional upon obedience to Allah and obedience His Messenger. If their orders are in contradiction to obedience to Allah and His Messenger, then they are not listened to or obeyed in that matter that they have ordered.
"There is no obedience to the created if it involves disobedience to the Creator."1
The hurt that these women face in this matter is part of what one must be patient with. They must seek Allah's help in being patient. We ask Allah to guide their leaders to the truth.
I do not think that such a compulsion can exist unless the woman leaves her house. In her house, it is not possible that they could force such a thing upon her. Hence, the sisters should try to stay in their houses until the matter is rectified. If her studies involve a disobedience to Allah, then her studies are not permissible. Instead, she should study what she needs for her religion and worldly needs and, usually, this can be done in her household. In sum, it is never allowed to obey the rulers in a command that is an evil and wrong in itself.
Shaikh ibn Uthaimin
Footnote
1. With this wording, this is a hadith recorded by Ahmad. However, Muslim has something very close to it.--JZ